Cycle of Socialization Essay examples - 982 Words

The cycle of socialization is a process through which social identities are created, and in effect, each individual represents and is affected by their social identity. According to the cycle of socialization, the first stop in the socialization process is outside of one’s control—one is socialized even before they are born. Our social identities are predetermined, and we are born in a world with roles, rules, and assumptions already in place. Our family and role models teach these rules and roles to us, for they are the shapers of expectations, values, and norms. The first step in the cycle of socialization is directly related to mental models. In the beginning of the socialization process, we are taught certain rules and roles to†¦show more content†¦The dominant group—men, white people, upper and middle class people, and heterosexuals—are considered the â€Å"norm† and all assumptions are created off of this â€Å"norm.† The media today creates the â€Å"norm† by showing boys and men as being tough and manly, and girls and women as passive, yet also sexy and sophisticated. Also, in school we are taught that girls should not take woodworking class, and instead should take cooking or health classes. By learning these rules and roles of our gender at school and in society, we are reinforced by what we have learned at home. The article about the cycle of socialization justifies that the media, our cultural practices, and the assumptions on which our society is built â€Å"all contribute to the reinforcement of the biased messages and stereotypes we receive.† The messages from the media, culture, and our own homes have embedded in our minds what is accepted in society and how to act. In the cycle of socialization, the institutional and cultural level of socialization is enforced constantly; therefore, the people who go against societies â€Å"norms† are immediately oppressed. The results of the cycle of socialization are disturbing, for the majority of society plays their roles and simply does nothing to change the â€Å"norm.† By simply fulfilling our roles, we are ultimately reinforcing theShow MoreRelatedThe Cycle Of Socialization ( C.o )1549 Words   |  7 Pages1) Define describe the Cycle of Socialization (C.O.S), the Cycle of Liberation (C.O.L). Explain how they relate to how Hip Hop has been shaped, giving two examples from either reading and/or in class. - The Cycle of Socialization is the cycle in which shapes who we are mentally, morally, and characteristically. The first step in the COS, is the Lens of Identity. This is where the person is socialized through their own personal lens, or they are taught on a personal level. Examples of this isRead MoreCycle Of Socialization Essay710 Words   |  3 PagesHarro’s Cycle of Socialization. What have been key influences in your own socialization as a racial/ethnic being? The Harro reading notes that the cycle of socialization is a â€Å"pervasive† one (Harro, 2000, pg. 15). As such, it is expected that there will be many sides and sources involved in both facilitating and influencing this process. Upon reflection, I can say that this has indeed been true of how I have been socialized as a racial/ethnic being. In consideration of the â€Å"First Socialization† stageRead MoreEssay about The Cycle of Socialization1111 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause of the cycle of socialization. The cycle of socialization can open ones eyes to why our society has specific views of people from other cultures, races, and genders. The cycle of socialization can help us understand the current situation in our society since it is the reason for the existence and continuation of racism, prejudices, stereotypes, and oppression amongst different people. The cycle of socialization has a beginningRead MoreThe Cycle Of Socialization By Bobby Harro998 Words   |  4 PagesBobby Harro’s The Cycle of Socialization she explains the process in which one goes through to be socialized, or taught to behave in a way that is socially acceptable according to the resources that have socialized that particular person. I’m an atheist, a person who lacks belief in gods or religion. Now I wasn’t brought up that way, so how did I end up an atheist? Well through applying The Cycle of Socialization I can explain the process I went through to get to where I am today. The BeginningRead MoreAmerican History : American Beauty1360 Words   |  6 Pageswrong to create new ways of living. The Cycle of Socialization describes how a person can get stuck in the cultural norms and the the Cycle of Liberalization shows the process of someone breaking free from stereotypes and creating a new path for their life. The cycle of Socialization/ Liberation is displayed in all families. The family structure in the film American Beauty will be used as an example of the the above stated cycles. The Cycle of Socialization displays how we are born into a certainRead MoreRape Culture, Rapth, And The Cycles Of Social Justice1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe ways in which our society envisions rape culture, racism and wealth, and the cycles of socialization and liberation have been an ongoing challenge throughout history. Social justice and community is all about making the society we live in function better by providing the support and tools to help change the world. Most people understand social justice as a way of pursuing equality, but the issue is rooted within each individual and requires each individual to be a change in society. Gaining socialRead MoreSocialisation After Adolescence Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesEssay Summary 1) Adult socialization is a time of learning new roles and statuses. 2) Peer Groups are strong socializing agents for adolescents who are still trying to find their own identity. 3) Radio, television, cinema, newspapers, magazines, music, and the Internet are powerful agents of socialization. 4) The state almost shapes our life cycle. 5) School plays a major role in socializing adolescents. It is a place of education where the individual learns to socialize with both authorityRead MoreSociology Studies On Social And Institutions Of The Individual And Groups1170 Words   |  5 Pagesa place where most of our knowledge come from. There is formal education, including reading, writing, and math skills. However, this setting also teaches and enforces morals, ethics, and values. Sociologists are interested how this setting of socialization affects other structures of society. Such as economics, culture, deviance, social movements, ect. Sociologist are also interested in the effects of socioeconomic status of students and how it affects their education. As research shows, studentsRead MoreGender Socialization Is The Aspect Of Socialization1492 Words   |  6 PagesGender socialization plays a part in pay gap within societies and America today. Gender socialization instills thoughts, behaviors, and attitudes into individuals throughout the lifespan. As a result, the outcomes of gender socialization, not only, prepares society for pay gap, but also prepares individuals to implement a gap in pay in relation to gender throughout societies. The discussion that ensues explains gender socialization and the impacts this has on, both, individuals and society in generalRead MoreCultural Autobiography : My Life Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesthe reinforcement of such roles in behaviors of other people in the society, I began to conceive how tasks were assigned differently according to gender. In article The Cycle of Socialization, Bobbie Harro points out how we are socialized to different social identities that we possess (47). Harro adds that first socialization is a process by which our families and relatives and other close members shape our â€Å"self concepts and self-perceptions, the norms and rules we must follow†¦ and the behaviors

Race As A Social Construct - 1566 Words

Rachel Marx PHL-137-01 Dr. Wolf March 17, 2017 Race as a Social Construct Charles W. Mills argues that even if there is no biological notion of race that can underwrite our social one, our social one still has some objectivity to it. He provides details for many hypothetical and real life instances in order to back up his argument. My view, along with Mills’, is that race is socially constructed, and has been socially constructed long before I even had an opinion on the topic. I will explore every avenue of what Mills offers on the topic and will formulate a further opinion based on each subject individually. Mills discusses a word with attached meaning called quace. This is a hypothetical system where you are assigned a code, such as†¦show more content†¦Along with quace, you cannot say who you truly are in the horizontal racial system because it is so randomly decided with hardly any individuality behind it. In a vertical racial system the polity and economic order are expressly structured on a hierarchical axis in which R1 R2 R3. This means there is a superior race in this system, which is those who are R1. The simple goal of the system is to give privilege to the R1s and to classify the R2s and R3s as the subordinate groups. R1s are seen as more intelligent in this racial system and we would even have the opportunity to speak of the R1s as a supremacist system. With this system, you can identify yourself because there are so many distinctions between classes, however, you cannot identify yourself in the exact same way as race. You cannot identify yourself in this way because to the eye we cannot distinguish if someone is an R1, R2, or R3 as easily as the way we could if they were Caucasian, African American, Asian, etc. Mills next discusses objectivism. This suggests the independence of what we choose and what we believe. Within objectivism, there is realism and constructivism. Starting with realism, it can be defined as viewing that it is objectively the case that there are human races. For instance, we know that there are multiple and specific human races attached to human beings. Digging deeper on the meaning, constructivismShow MoreRelatedRace as a Social Construct646 Words   |  3 PagesRace as a social construct An imagined concept with real consequences The concept of race is fundamentally a social construct. It is based on a notion of difference, of ‘otherness’, ‘blackness’, ‘whiteness’, identity, nationalism and multiculturalism. ‘Race’ matters, as despite being biologically disputed, its social impact is immense. Despite being an unreal social construct, it is real in its consequences. It affects life prospects and influences health, wealth, status and power. As such, a criticalRead MoreRace As A Social Construct1057 Words   |  5 PagesRace as a social construct refers to a group that is socially and culturally defined on the basis of physical criteria. During European colonisation, Europeans came into contact with people from different areas of the world and after speculating the physical, cultural and social differences between the groups; these groups were placed in races. By defining racial classifications, racism ensues. Racism is discriminating, exerting prejudice and o r power over a group or individual based on the beliefRead MoreRace As A Social Construct1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of race is an ancient construction through which a single society models all of mankind around the ideal man. This idealism evolved from prejudice and ignorance of another culture and the inability to view another human as equal. The establishment of race and racism can be seen from as early as the Middle Ages through the present. The social construction of racism and the feeling of superiority to people of other ethnicities, have been distinguishably present in European societies asRead MoreRace as a Social Construct Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesRace as a Social Construct Omi and Winant’s discussion from â€Å"Racial Formations† are generally about race being a social construct and is also demonstrated in the viewing of Race - The power of an illusion. Omi and Winant have both agreed that race is socially constructed in society. Ultimately this means that race is seen differently in different societies and different cultures. Media, politics, school, economy and family helps alter society’s structure of race. In the viewing , also mediaRead MoreEssay on Race as a Social Construct1635 Words   |  7 PagesRacialization, to differentiate or categorize according to race, is still prominent in todays society. Race, a social construct, was created by society. There is no gene in the human body that defines what race you are, therefore, it is only an idea that individuals came up with. Yet, people in todays society still categorize individuals by their race and stereotype individuals by what race they most resemble. People grow into this society with the idea embedded into their heads that the whiterRead MoreInequality: Race And Racism. The Race Is A Social Construct1371 Words   |  6 PagesInequality: Race and Racism The race is a social construct that has real life consequences. The race is a fiction created by the dominant part of the society in order to legitimize their supremacy on those they wish to regulate. Racism: a term that was first coined by the Nazis in the 1930s in their attempt to make Germany clean of Jews . The race is a social construct that has both biological and cultural aspects but not based on scientific truths. The origin of the racial differences can be trackedRead MoreRace Is A Biological Reality Or A Social Construct?1566 Words   |  7 PagesI used to think that race was a social construct more of a biological reality until I read all these articles. They changed my perspective and I have come to realize different things. My opinion is now divided into two; I am in that middle point where I can see both ways of the argument as valid and reasonable and agree with both. First, I will explain why I think it is a biological reality, then, I will explain why it can also be a social construct, and lastly how have these debates shaped the viewsRead MoreSocial Construction Of Race And Gender1529 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Construction of Race and Gender, Patriarchy and Prejudice and Discrimination in the Society Social construct may be defined as the social mechanism or a category which has been created by the society. It may either be a perception which is created by an individual or an idea which is constructed as a result of the culture. The present society has created a large number of constructs which are not good. In this paper, the discussion will be done on the social construction of raceRead MoreDebating Sex and Gender and After Identity1486 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonstrate how sex, gender, and race are all social constructs. Do you agree or disagree with her argument, and why? Concepts of sex, gender and race in English language have undergone uncountable naturalization and universalities, to a point that they are now considered to have always been present. There are numerous arguments that revolve around the three concepts of human diversity. Dr. Warnke for example argues that the three concepts above are social constructs (Warnke 153). This paper isRead MoreDebating Sex and Gender and After Identity1479 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonstrate how sex, gender, and race are all social constructs. Do you agree or disagree with her argument, and why? Concepts of sex, gender and race in English language have undergone uncountable naturalization and universalities, to a point that they are now considered to have always been present. There are numerous arguments that revolve around the three concepts of human diversity. Dr. Warnke for example argues that the three concepts above are social constructs (Warnke 153). This paper is

The work of Langer Rodin Free Essays

To explore the effects of decision-making and responsibility on residents in a nursing home, Langer and Rodin gave residents a houseplant. Residents were to make all the decisions about when and how much to water and how much sun to give their plant. Resident in the experimental group were also given other choices such as where they would prefer to receive visitors, whether they wanted see the weekly movie and which evening they wanted to attend (a movie was played on Thursdays and replayed on Fridays), etc. We will write a custom essay sample on The work of Langer Rodin or any similar topic only for you Order Now A comparison (control) group were also given plants but told that the nurses would take care of them. Those in this group were not encouraged to make decisions for themselves but were told that staff was there to help them. Issues were as similar as possible with the experimental and comparison groups except for the distinctions about who was in control and responsible for decisions. The researchers used various behavioural and emotional measures to judge the effect of the encouragement, for example, participation in activities at the nursing home, how happy the residents felt and how alert and active the residents were. Clear and dramatic improvement was made in the group given more responsibility. Eighteen months after the study the researchers returned and again performed the outcome measures. The residents who had been given more responsibility were still significantly more active, vigorous and sociable than those in the comparison group. The experimental group also asked more questions during a lecture that Judith Rodin gave. During this return trip physical health was measured. Prior to the study the two groups had been in similar health based on their medical records. However, eighteen months later the health of the experimental group had improved while that of the comparison group had worsened. The most striking discovery was mortality rate. Only seven of the 47 residents in the experimental group had died whereas 13 of the 44 residents in the comparison group had died (15% versus 30%). These results have been confirmed by much research since the time of the original experiment. To improve this experiment they could have looked for other areas where choice can be given back to residents such as dining, bathing, and placement of personal items in their room. Record the outcomes. Watch to see if over time there are changes in activity participation, alertness and affect of residents. As this experiment proceeds it would be good for staff to discuss amongst themselves how to change their own perspective to maximize residents’ sense of independence, freedom and involvement. The relation between health and a sense of control may grow stronger in old age. This could occur through three types of processes: experiences particularly relevant to control may increase markedly in old age; the association between control and some aspect of health may be altered by age; and age may influence the association between control and health-related behaviours or the seeking of medical care. Studies show that there are detrimental effects on the health of older people when their control of their activities is restricted; in contrast, interventions that enhance options for control by nursing home patients promote health. With increasing age, however, variability in preferred amounts of control also increases, and sometimes greater control over activities, circumstances, or health has negative consequences including stress, worry, and self-blame. Mechanisms mediating the control-health relation include feelings of stress, symptom labelling, changes in the neuroendocrine an d immune systems, and behaviour relevant to health maintenance. * Work which very clearly supports Langer Rodin is that of Marmot et al (1997) and the study of civil service office workers: – Marmot et al (1997) Marmot and his co-workers devised an experiment to determine the association between adverse psychosocial characteristics at work and risk of coronary heart disease among male and female civil servants. There were self-report questionnaires provided for information on psychosocial factors of the work environment and coronary heart disease. Independent assessments of the work environment were obtained from personnel managers. Setting: London based office staff in 20 civil service departments. Subjects: 10308 civil servants aged 35-55 were examined-6895 men (67%) and 3413 women (33%). Results: Men and women with low job control, either self reported or independently assessed, have a higher risk of newly reported coronary heart disease during the follow up. Job control was assessed on two occasions three years apart, although intercorrelated, had cumulative effects in newly reported disease. Subjects with low job control on both occasions have an odds ratio for any coronary event of 95% compared with subjects with high job control at both occasions. This association could not be explained by employment grade, negative affectivity, or classic coronary risk factors. Job demands and social support at work were not related to the risk of coronary heart disease. Conclusion: Low control in the work environment is associated with an increased risk of future coronary heart disease among men and women employed in government offices. The cumulative effect of low job control assessed on two occasions indicates that giving employees more variety in tasks and a stronger say in decisions about work may decrease the risk of coronary heart disease. * Whereas the work done by Brady (1958) in the ‘Executive Monkey’ experiment completely goes against Langer, Rodin and Marmot: – Brady tested groups of monkeys to determine which were the quickest learners; they would then be chosen to take the place of the ‘Executive Monkey’. The executive monkey is then sat in a harness with its feet touching the floor allowing almost complete mobility, the non-executive monkey is sat in the other harness so that it cannot touch the floor, both harnesses are connected to a bar that in turn is attached to a pivot. A bell would sound and the exec. Monkey would have 20 seconds to get to a switch, if he did not manage to get to the switch in time, both monkeys would be given an electric shock. Brady discovered that the best way to conduct this experiment was to put the monkeys 6 hours in then 6 hours off, this was found to be the best way to stress them. Around 23 days into the experiment the executive monkey would die from stomach ulcers, due to the stress. We could argue that the monkey had the control over whether they got shocked or not and yet it still got stressed and died, which would then completely dis-prove Langer Rodin. But you could also argue that the exec. monkey got stressed from having to get to the switch and its also possible to say that the executive monkey didn’t have complete control, i.e. they couldn’t turn the electric shocks off completely, and so got stressed from having to continuously press the switch. * Weiss (1972) repeated Brady et al’s experiment but with rats this time: – He found that giving feedback on successful shock avoidance (by sounding a tone) reduced ulceration in executives to below that of the non-executive rats. The feedback tells the animal it has avoided shocks and increases its ‘sense of control’ over the situation. The non-executive animal cannot respond and lacks any control at all over what’s going on, this leads to more ulceration. == By comparing Brady and Weiss’ experiments it’s very clear to see that the idea of a ‘sense of control’ separates the two. Not as many animals will die in Weiss’ as in Brady’s, the rats don’t feel as stressed as the monkeys because they feel more ‘in control’. These studies also show the importance of control and feedback on successful coping in reducing levels of stress. How to cite The work of Langer Rodin, Papers